{"id":13941,"date":"2022-10-30T19:59:04","date_gmt":"2022-10-30T19:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bkplow.clictresdemaio.com\/como-o-brasil-que-alimenta-1-bilhao-no-mundo-tem-10-milhoes-passando-fome\/"},"modified":"2024-11-11T15:28:58","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T18:28:58","slug":"como-o-brasil-que-alimenta-1-bilhao-no-mundo-tem-10-milhoes-passando-fome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/utilidades-e-outros\/como-o-brasil-que-alimenta-1-bilhao-no-mundo-tem-10-milhoes-passando-fome\/","title":{"rendered":"How Brazil, which feeds 1 billion people in the world, has 10 million going hungry"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe width='560' height='315' src='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lDS5VhVGSZc' frameborder='0' allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>One of the most important and least important points<br \/>\ncomments on the speech by President Jair Bolsonaro Creator of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogdovestibular.com\/noticias\/auxilio-brasil-veja-o-calendario-de-pagamento-de-novembro.html\">Brazil Aid<\/a> at the General Assembly of the<br \/>\nUN was this: Impressive, right? But<br \/>\nperhaps even more impressive are the data released by IBGE less than<br \/>\na week before the president&#039;s speech: More than 10 million Brazilians live<br \/>\nin a situation of severe food insecurity, according to the agency. In other words,<br \/>\nthis crowd, which includes children, literally goes hungry in Brazil. But<br \/>\nas after all the same country that feeds a large part of the planet has at<br \/>\nat the same time so many millions of hungry people? I&#039;m Ricardo Senra, a reporter for BBC News Brazil<br \/>\nhere in London, and in this video I explain three key points of this sad<br \/>\ncontradiction. And I also do an x-ray of hunger and food production in<br \/>\nBrazil. To do this, I spoke to some of the country&#039;s leading experts in<br \/>\ntopics such as access to adequate food and hunger. I&#039;ll talk more about this later, but<br \/>\nLet&#039;s start with the x-ray of hunger based on budget research<br \/>\nfamily members, the POF, from IBGE, released on September 17, and which<br \/>\nrefers to the years 2017 and 2018. She identified that the total number of people with<br \/>\nfood in sufficient and satisfactory quantity in Brazil is the lowest<br \/>\nof the last 15 years. It is worth remembering that all this happens shortly after the country<br \/>\nfinally leaving the United Nations Hunger Map, an achievement that was<br \/>\napplauded worldwide in 2014. Well, according to a new survey 10.3<br \/>\nmillions of Brazilians were going hungry during the uprising. This is an increase<br \/>\n3 million people without normal access to meals in just five years. This figure does not include people living on the streets, which would make this scenario, according to<br \/>\nexperts, even more dramatic Hunger in Brazil is recorded<br \/>\nmainly in rural areas, another contradiction since food is<br \/>\nproduced in these regions. Of these more than 10 million Brazilians who pass through<br \/>\nhunger, according to IBGE, 7.7 million live in urban areas, while 2.6 million are<br \/>\nin rural areas. The crux of the matter here is proportion. This data shows that 23.3% of the urban population is hungry, while 40.1% of the population<br \/>\nrural areas are going through the same situation. According to the research, of the total<br \/>\nBrazilians who were starving during the period investigated, 41.5% lived in<br \/>\nNortheast region, followed by the Southeast and the North. Here we need to<br \/>\nunderstand three important concepts in this discussion. What are insecurity<br \/>\nMild, moderate and severe food insecurity Mild food insecurity occurs when<br \/>\nthe family is not sure if they will be able to access food in<br \/>\nfuture and when the food on the table is already bad. According to the<br \/>\nIBGE: \u201cIn this context, residents adopt strategies to maintain a<br \/>\nminimum quantity of food available.\u201d Swap one food for another<br \/>\nthat is cheaper, for example. Moderate insecurity arises when the<br \/>\nresidents have a limited amount of food. That is, when there is less<br \/>\nfood in the pantry than is satisfactory Finally, serious insecurity appears, in<br \/>\nwords IBGE, when residents experienced severe deprivation in consumption<br \/>\nof food. That&#039;s where the definition of hunger fits in. And if we<br \/>\nconsidering these 3 types of insecurity, we arrive at the problem of access to<br \/>\nquality food, which is also serious in Brazil. According to the IBGE, at<br \/>\nless than half of children under 5 lived in homes with some degree of<br \/>\nfood insecurity. That equates to 6.5 million children. Now, if the<br \/>\nreference for serious insecurity, hunger in fact, 5.1% of children<br \/>\nunder 5 years old and 7.3% of people between 5 and 17 years old<br \/>\nlive in this condition in Brazil. There are a lot of people! This brings me<br \/>\nfor the second point of this video: the x-ray of food production in Brazil. Unlike<br \/>\nfrom what President Jair Bolsonaro stated, Brazil does not emerge as the<br \/>\nmain food producer on the planet. Today it is the third, behind only<br \/>\nChina and the United States, according to the Brazilian Industry Association<br \/>\nFood, which is the largest representative of the country&#039;s food industry,<br \/>\nBrazil exported food to more than 180 countries last year. And these exports<br \/>\nmoved US$$ 34.1 billion last year. Most of US$$ 36.8 billion was<br \/>\nto Asia, mainly China. Next comes the European Union, with 18.8% of exports, and the Middle East, with 14.3%. The association brings<br \/>\nInteresting information: we are the second largest food exporter in the world<br \/>\nindustrialized in volume and the fifth in value. We are the first producer and<br \/>\nexporter of orange juice worldwide, the second producer and the first<br \/>\nworld exporter of sugar. The second producer and the first exporter<br \/>\nworld&#039;s largest beef producer and poultry producer. We are also the second<br \/>\nworld exporter of instant coffee and this surprised me! Brazil is the second<br \/>\nworld producer of chocolates and sweets Well, but here we go to the heart<br \/>\nfrom this video: why producing so much food and having so much food to eat<br \/>\nexport we have so many hungry Brazilians. The first point here is who<br \/>\nfeeds who. It is important to differentiate the role of agribusiness from that of small businesses<br \/>\nfamily farmers in food production in Brazil. Maybe you<br \/>\nsurprise again. According to the latest IBGE agricultural census,<br \/>\n70% of the food consumed by Brazilians comes from<br \/>\nfamily farming. We are talking here about small lands, managed<br \/>\nby people from the same family or from close families, who produce for<br \/>\nown food and sell the surplus Family farming is different from<br \/>\nlarge monocultures of soy or coffee or those large livestock pastures and<br \/>\nagribusiness. It produces a huge diversity of foods: cassava and<br \/>\nvegetables to corn, milk and fruits. And it is thanks to her that our<br \/>\ndish can be plentiful and colorful, as recommended by nutritionists. The famous<br \/>\nagribusiness, which corresponds to large producers, is responsible for a large part<br \/>\nof the Brazilian GDP, has representatives at various levels of politics, it is<br \/>\nmainly intended for export I spoke about this subject with Daniel<br \/>\nBalaban, who is the director of the Center of Excellence against Hunger of the Program<br \/>\nUN World Food Programme in Brazil He told me the following: \u201cAgribusiness,<br \/>\nthat&#039;s why the name is business, right? He goes where they pay more, where he earns more, there is<br \/>\nmore profit. So, as a dollar at R$ 5.50, a dollar<br \/>\novervalued, made the Brazilian product very cheap for<br \/>\nexport. He prefers to export, in which he will get the<br \/>\nevery dollar he receives he is receiving R$ 5.50 of what he puts here in<br \/>\nBrazil at R$ 5.50 and, of course, compared to the basic prices of<br \/>\nfood here, you understand? Let&#039;s see a 1 kg package of rice, right? As is the case<br \/>\nof rice that has gone up too much, so he will always prefer to export, while he<br \/>\nthere is a market abroad. So much so that Brazilian agribusiness exports everything<br \/>\nthat he has and only what there is no market abroad he puts here.\u201d Kiko<br \/>\nAfonso, who is the executive director of A\u00e7\u00e3o da Cidadania, the NGO founded by<br \/>\nBetinho, to combat hunger and poverty in Brazil, says that the policy of<br \/>\nBrazilian agriculture is geared towards exports. What in his words<br \/>\nIt may be good for the economic balance, but terrible for local consumption,<br \/>\nEspecially for the most vulnerable populations. \u201cLook, so you add two<br \/>\nbig factors, right? A government policy that looks at agribusiness to<br \/>\nexport to the detriment of small producers,<br \/>\nwhich makes food more expensive. And a second aspect, where you have a<br \/>\nabsurd social inequality, where the vast majority of the population lives with a<br \/>\nsalary well below an acceptable average to survive.\u201d And here we come into<br \/>\nanother important point in this story: the attention given to family farming,<br \/>\nthe one that puts food on the Brazilian table, as we have seen, has shrunk.<br \/>\n\u201cFor example, small family farmers had the PAA,<br \/>\nFood Acquisition Program, right? This program even had a budget<br \/>\nbillionaire, right? A R$ 1.5 billion a year Today, it doesn&#039;t reach R$ 100 million. The<br \/>\nPronaf, which is the Family Farmer Support Program, right? It decreased a lot.<br \/>\nthe number of loans for them, which they had with subsidized interest and others<br \/>\nprograms, for example, rainwater harvesting. Brazil also had a cistern program that it supported. This also fell drastically. This rural population<br \/>\nshe is very vulnerable. So she needs to be constantly encouraged and<br \/>\nbeing supported by government public policies.\u201d \u201cAnd we are talking about a lot of people<br \/>\nwho may die of hunger in the coming months in Brazil. Our founder, the<br \/>\nBetinho always said this: that hunger is one of the worst, if not the worst, indignity.<br \/>\nthat a human being can have.\u201d And I take advantage of this hook to enter the third<br \/>\npoint. It is striking that hunger in Brazil is concentrated in<br \/>\nrural regions, as we said, those where food is produced. What<br \/>\nWhat do experts say about this? I also spoke to economist Marcelo<br \/>\nNeri, who is a professor at FGV and former president of Ipea and former chief minister<br \/>\nof the Secretariat of Strategic Affairs of the Presidency of the Republic between<br \/>\n2013\/2015. He told me that \u201cthe rural dweller is the poorest, he is the one who produces food but does not earn enough to buy it.\u201d In<br \/>\n2019, according to professor 53% of the 20% poorest in the<br \/>\nBrazil and 10% of the 20% richest in Brazil declared<br \/>\nthat there was no money for food. In the rest of the world, according to him, the numbers<br \/>\nthere were 48% in the poorest 20%, and 21% in the richest 20%. In other words, he explains, our poor people today have more insecurity<br \/>\nfood than the rest of the world, while our richest have less.<br \/>\nIt\u2019s the famous \u201cBrazilian inequality,\u201d he says. The other experts<br \/>\nagree with him. \u201cBrazil has had many policies to help small<br \/>\nfamily farmers in the past, and these policies have lost strength in<br \/>\nlast governments. At the end of Dilma&#039;s government, Temer and now. So, this makes<br \/>\nso that, in addition to decreasing production, they do not produce and end up going hungry.<br \/>\nin the field.\u201d \u201cAnd they end up having to migrate or<br \/>\nurban centers to live in slums and super poor regions, in super conditions<br \/>\ndifficult, or they have to adapt to working for these big<br \/>\nagribusiness.\u201d Now, a question many of you may be asking is<br \/>\nnext: how does the new coronavirus pandemic affect the hunger scenario in<br \/>\nBrazil. Daniel Balaban, from the Center of Excellence against Hunger of the<br \/>\nUN World Food Programme answers this question: \u201cIt\u2019s sad to say this, but<br \/>\nBrazil has an income, an average income of R$ 480. Suddenly, when 65<br \/>\nmillions of people received R$ 600 in their account, Brazil decreased<br \/>\nincredibly, during this period of emergency resources, the number of<br \/>\npeople below the poverty line.\u201d In fact, a survey by FGV released in<br \/>\nJuly showed that the share of the population living in extreme poverty fell from 4.2<br \/>\nfor 3.3% of the population It is the lowest rate of the<br \/>\nlast 40 years in Brazil. The concept of extreme poverty refers to those<br \/>\npeople living on less than US$1.90 per day or R$1.54 per month.<br \/>\nBut is this a reason to celebrate? \u201cIf we already had these more than<br \/>\n80 million Brazilians are at some level of food insecurity, whether mild,<br \/>\nmoderate or severe, right? This number will certainly increase. The recession and the<br \/>\ncrisis are clearly not issues that will be resolved in the short term. The<br \/>\nunemployment is already almost a record in Brazil and we clearly see that the aid<br \/>\nemergency is unsustainable in the current model.\u201d The UN director agrees: \u201cThe<br \/>\nThe whole problem is that when these emergency resources run out, we go back to<br \/>\nprevious problem, because the previous problem was structural, and this resource is<br \/>\nemergency.\u201d Marcelo Neri, from FGV, told me the following about the pandemic in Brazil: \u201cAccording to our latest survey, despite the drop in<br \/>\nrecord labor income of 20.5% in the pandemic, around 13.1 million<br \/>\nof people escaped poverty in the midst of the pandemic.\u201d What explains this paradox, he says, is the generous, in quotation marks, granting of emergency aid that<br \/>\nreached 67 million Brazilians at a cost of R$322 billion during<br \/>\n2020. The problem is that the aid ends on December 31st. He says: \u201cAnd then it\u2019s not just the former poor who will return to their initial condition. They will have the company of<br \/>\nnew poor displaced by the pandemic.\u201d I also wanted to know if the numbers on the<br \/>\nhunger in Brazil released by IBGE surprised these experts. Give a<br \/>\nlook at the answers: \u201cUnfortunately, for Citizenship Action, they are not surprising,<br \/>\nit&#039;s because we knew about the dimension, right, of what was coming. We knew about<br \/>\ndimension of the families that were on the edge asking us for food, instead of<br \/>\neducation, health, etc. When a person gives up these other rights to ask for<br \/>\nfood, it is because the situation is really very serious.\u201d Marcelo Neri brought new<br \/>\ndata and said that the results of the IBGE survey challenge those who<br \/>\nbelieve that hunger is a thing of the past in Brazil. \u201cBefore they attack the<br \/>\nmessenger, we observe the same drama in international evidence about Brazil.\u201d<br \/>\nThe proportion of those who do not have money to buy food falls from<br \/>\n20% up to 18% and then rises to 30% in 2017\/2018, which is consistent in terms of period and deadlines with the last<br \/>\nIBGE survey. This same level of 30% is maintained in 2019. The<br \/>\npeople here at BBC News Brasil will continue to monitor the numbers and<br \/>\nmainly the real stories of millions of Brazilians who<br \/>\nare starving right now. Thank you for following us<br \/>\nso far. I hope this video has helped you understand, to know<br \/>\nmore about this sad scenario and we&#039;ll be back soon with more videos. See you soon<br \/>\nthere!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um dos pontos mais importantes e menos comentados do discurso do presidente Jair Bolsonaro Criador do Aux\u00edlio Brasil na Assembleia-Geral da ONU foi esse: Impressionante, n\u00e9? Mas talvez mais impressionantes ainda sejam os dados divulgados pelo IBGE menos de uma semana antes da fala do presidente: Mais de 10 milh\u00f5es de brasileiros vivem em situa\u00e7\u00e3o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":13942,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1214,1215,1216,1217,1218,1219,1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226],"class_list":["post-13941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-utilidades-e-outros","tag-agricultura","tag-agricultura-familiar","tag-agronegocio","tag-alimentos","tag-bbc","tag-bbc-brasil","tag-bbc-news-brasil","tag-bbcbrasil","tag-economia","tag-fome","tag-ibge","tag-jair-bolsonaro","tag-noticias-internacionais"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13941"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15227,"href":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13941\/revisions\/15227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/low-carbdiet.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}